Oligarchy
Discipline: Political Science
Theory that power will normally be concentrated.
The term is used by Aristotle to describe the corrupt alternative to aristrocracy.
It now commonly denotes the situation described by elitism and by the iron law of oligarchy.
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- abandonment
- abandonment costs
- Abelard, Peter
- ability-to-pay principle
- Abrahamic religions
- absence paradox
- absolute
- absolute advantage theory
- absolute income hypothesis
- absolute majority
- absolutism
- absorbtion approach
- abstinence theory of interest
- abstractionism
- accelerated depreciation
- acceleration principle
- accession rate
- accumulated depreciation
- acid-test ratio
- acquisition
- act utilitarianism
- action theory
- activism
- ad hominem
- adaptive expectations
- addendum
- adding-up problem
- adjustable peg system
- Adler, Mortimer
- administered pricing
- administrative costs
- administrative theory
- ad hoc
- ad infinitum
- ad nauseam
- ad varolem
- adverse selection
- advertising elasticity of demand
- advertising-to-sales ratio
- Africa
- African Union
- age-earnings profile
- age of inventory
- agency theory
- aggregate demand
- aggregate demand theory
- aggregate output
- aggregate supply
- agnosticism
- agricultural economics
- agricultural policy
- agricultural subsidies
- Akerlof, George Arthur
- alienation
- Alighieri, Dante
- Allais, Maurice
- Allais paradox
- altruism
- alma mater
- amicus curiae
- amortization
- Amsterdam Treaty (1997)
- analytic/synthetic
- anarchism
- anarcho-capitalism
- anarcho-feminism
- anarcho-syndicalism
- Anatolia
- androcentrism
- Anderson, Benedict
- Ani
- animism
- announcement effect
- annual meeting
- annual report
- annuit coeptis
- anomalous monism
- anomie
- anthropomorphism
- anthroposophy
- anti-dumping
- anti-nomianism
- anti-realism
- anti-trust laws
- Antisthenes
- apartheid
- applied economics
- appropriation
- a priori
- a posteriori
- apriorism
- Aquinas, Thomas
- arbitrage
- arbitrage pricing policy
- Archimedes
- argumentum ad verecundiam
- aristocracy
- Aristotelianism
- Aristotle
- Aristotle's four causes
- Armenian Genocide
- Arrow-Debreu model
- Arrow, Kenneth
- artifact
- ASEAN
- Asia
- assets
- asset management
- associationism
- asylum
- asymmetrical information
- atavism
- atheism
- atomism
- attitude theories
- audit
- Austin, John Langshaw
- Austinianism
- austrian school
- autarky
- authoritarianism
- authority
- autocracy
- autogenocide
- Avenarius, Richard
- average cost pricing
- axiom of reducibility
- axiomatic theories
- Ayer, Alfred Jules
- Bachelier, Louis
- backlash theory
- Bacon, Francis
- Bakunin, Michael
- Bakuninism
- balance of payments
- balance of power
- balance of terror
- balance sheet
- balanced budget
- balanced budget multiplier
- Balkanization
- bank failure
- bank money
- bank reserves
- bankruptcy
- Baran, Paul
- bargaining theory
- Barker, Rodney
- barriers to entry
- Barro, Robert
- barter
- bathtub theorem
- Baumol, William
- Bayesianism
- Bayle, Pierre
- bear
- Beauvoir, Simone de
- Becker, Gary
- beggar-thy-neighbor
- behavioral economics
- behavioralism
- behaviorism
- Belloc, Hilaire
- benefit approach principle
- Bentham, Jeremy
- Bentham's theory of utilitarianism
- Bergson, Henri
- Berkeley, George
- Berlin, Isaiah
- Bernoulli, Daniel
- Bernoulli, Jakob
- Bernoulli's hypothesis
- Bernstein, Eduard
- Bertrand duopoly model
- Bertrand, Joseph
- beta coefficient (β)
- bilateral monopoly
- bill-of-lading
- bill-of-sale
- billiard ball model
- bimetallism
- bioeconomics
- biological determinism
- bionomics
- black box model
- black economy
- black market
- Blake, William
- Blanqui, Louis-Auguste
- Blanquism
- blue chips
- blue-collar workers
- board-of-directors
- Boethius
- Bohr, Niels
- bolshevism
- bona-fide
- bond
- bond market
- bond prices
- bond ratings
- Bonnet, Charles
- Boo Hurrah theory
- book value
- boom
- bounded rationality
- Bourdieu, Pierre
- bourgeoise
- Bradley, Francis Herbert
- breach of contract
- Brentano, Franz
- bretton woods agreement
- British empiricists
- Brouwer, Luitzen Egbertus Jan
- Buber, Martin
- Buchanan, James
- budget deficit
- budget-maximization theory
- budget surplus
- Buffon, Comte de
- bull
- bundle theories
- bureaucracy
- Buridan's ass
- Burke, Edmund
- Burnham, James
- Burton, John W.
- business cycle
- bust
- by-product
- call option
- callable bond
- Calvin, John
- Cambodian Genocide
- Cambridge capital controversies
- cambridge school
- Camus, Albert
- capacity utilization
- capital asset
- capital asset pricing model (capm)
- capital intensive
- capital-labor ratio
- capital
- capital logic
- capital market
- capital theory
- capitalism
- capitalization
- capture theory
- Caribbean Community and Common Market
- Carnap, Rudolf
- carpe diem
- cartel
- cash flow
- Cassel, Gustav
- casual employment
- casus belli
- catallaxy
- catastrophe theory
- categorical imperative
- category mistake
- causal principle
- causal realism
- causal theories
- causal theories of meaning
- causal theories of perception
- causal theories of reference
- causal theory of knowledge
- causal theory of memory
- causal theory of names
- causality
- Central America
- Central American Common Market
- Central American Integration System
- central bank
- central place theory
- centralization
- certificate of deposit
- certified public accountant
- CES production function
- ceteris paribus
- chain of being
- Chamberlin, Edward
- Chardin, Pierre Teilhard de
- Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union
- check
- checks and balances
- Chenery, Hollis
- chicken
- Christian socialism
- Cicero
- circa
- circulation of elites
- citizenship
- civil disobedience
- civil society
- Clark, John Bates
- Clark, John Maurice
- class dealignment
- class struggle
- class voting
- classical macroeconomic model
- classical theory of money
- classical theory of probability
- clerisy
- Coase, Ronald
- Coase theorem
- Cobb-Douglas production function
- cobweb theory
- cock-up theory
- cogito ergo sum
- coherence theory of truth
- Cole, George Douglas Howard
- collective bargaining theory
- collective security
- collectivism
- collegialism
- Collingwood, Robin George
- collusion theory
- colonialism
- commodity
- commodity theory of money
- common good
- common law
- common market
- common stock
- communalism
- communications theory
- communism
- communitarianism
- community acquis
- comparative advantage theory
- comparative costs
- compatibilism
- compensation principle
- complex interdependence
- composite commodity
- computational psychology
- Comte, Auguste
- conceptualism
- Condorcet, Marie Antoine
- Condorcet's principle
- confirmation principle
- conflict of interest
- conflict theory
- Confucianism
- Confucius
- conglomerate
- connectionism
- connexive implication
- conscious parallelism
- consciousness raising
- consent
- consequentialism
- conservatism
- conservative paradox
- consistent empiricism
- consols
- consortium bank
- conspicuous consumption
- conspiracy
- constant-cost industry
- constant returns to scale
- constitutionalism
- constitutive variable
- constructive apathy
- constructivism
- consumer
- consumer behavior
- consumer credit
- consumer economics
- consumer price index (cpi)
- consumer sovereignty
- consumer surplus
- consumption
- contestable markets theory
- contextualism
- continental rationalists
- contingency theory
- contingent fund
- continuity thesis
- contract
- contract theory
- contractualism
- contribution margin (cm)
- control variable
- Convention on the Future of Europe
- convention t
- convergence hypothesis
- convergence theory
- Copernicus, Nicholas
- corner
- corporation
- corporatism
- correspondence or relational theories of meaning
- correspondence theory of truth
- correspondent bank
- cost
- cost-based pricing
- cost-benefit analysis
- cost center
- cost control
- cost effective
- cost function
- cost, insurance, & freight (cif)
- cost of capital
- cost of goods sold
- cost of living
- cost-of-living adjustment (cola)
- cost-of-living index
- cost-push inflation
- Council of Europe
- Council of the European Union
- countercyclical
- counterpart theory
- countervailing power
- Cournot, Antoine Augustin
- Cournot duopoly model
- covering law model
- craft unions
- Craig's theorem
- Cramer's rule
- creative evolution
- credit
- credit line
- credit squeeze
- credit union
- creditor
- creditor nation
- creeping inflation
- crisis management
- crisis of capitalism
- crisis theory
- critical realism
- critical theory
- Croce, Benedetto
- cross-price elasticity of demand
- cross rate
- crowding hypothesis
- crowding-out
- Cudworth, Ralph
- currency
- currency depreciation
- currency principle
- currency risk
- current account
- current assets
- current liabilities
- current ratio
- curriculum vitae
- customs duty
- customs union theory
- cutoff rate
- cutthroat competition
- cybernetics
- cyclical theory
- cyclical unemployment
- cynicism
- Dahl, Robert
- Darwin, Charles
- Davidson, Donald
- de facto
- de facto and de jure theories of meaning
- de jure
- death in absentia
- death taxes
- debenture
- Debreu, Gerard
- debt
- debt ceiling
- debt instrument
- debt management
- debt ratio
- debt relief
- debt-to-equity ratio
- debtor
- debtor nation
- decision making theory
- decision theory
- decision tree
- decline of the West
- deduction theorem
- deductivism
- default risk
- deference
- deficit financing
- deficit spending
- deflation
- degrees of truth
- deism
- DeLorean theory
- delphi method
- demand
- demand deposit
- demand for money theory
- demand-pull inflation
- demand shift
- demand theory
- democracy
- democratic centralism
- democratic elitism
- Democritus
- demographic transition
- demography
- denotation and connotation
- deontology
- dependency theory
- dependent variable
- depreciation
- depression
- deregulation
- derivatives
- derived demand
- Descartes, Rene
- descriptive economics
- descriptive theory of names
- descriptivism
- determinant
- determinism
- deterrence
- detonator theory
- deus ex machina
- devaluation
- development economics
- development theory
- deviation
- Dewey, John
- dialectic
- dialectical materialism
- dialetheism
- dictatorship of the proletariat
- difference principle
- differential rent theory
- Dilthey, Wilhelm
- diminishing marginal utility
- diminishing returns
- dinar
- Diogenes of Sinope
- diplomatic immunity
- direct action
- direct democracy
- direct quote
- direct tax
- directed democracy
- dirham
- discount rate
- discounting
- discretionary income
- discretionary profits
- diseconomies of scale
- disequilibrium
- disequilibrium theory
- disguised unemployment
- disinflation
- disinvestment
- dismal science
- disposable personal income
- dissaving
- distribution theory
- distributism
- disutility
- diversification
- dividend
- divine intervention
- divine providence
- divine right
- doctrine of internal relations
- doctrine of pre-established harmony
- doctrine of the mean
- Domar, Evsey
- dominant ideology
- domino theory
- doomsday theory
- double aspect theory of mind
- double consciousness
- double effect doctrine
- double majority
- double negation principle
- double taxation
- Draft Treaty Establishing a Constitution for Europe
- conventionalism
- dual decision hypothesis
- dual economy theory
- dual labor market theory
- dual state theory
- dualism
- DuBois, W.E.B.
- Duhem, Pierre-Maurice
- Dummett, Michael
- dumping
- duopoly
- duopoly theory
- Dupuit, Jules
- durable goods
- Durkheim, Emile
- dynamic equilibrium
- e pluribus unum
- earned income
- earnings per share
- Easton, David
- easy money policy
- Eckhart, Meister
- eclecticism and syncretism
- econometrics
- economic determinism
- economic development
- economic forecasting
- economic goods
- economic growth models
- economic growth
- economic history
- economic indicator
- economic liberalism
- economic methodology
- economic models
- economic policy
- economic theory
- economic theory of politics
- economic theory of the state
- economics
- economies of scale
- Edgeworth, Francis
- Edwards, Jonathan
- effective demand
- efficient market hypothesis
- egalitarianism
- egocentric predicament
- egoism
- Einstein, Albert
- elasticity of demand
- elasticity of supply
- Eleaticism
- electoral competition
- Elias, Norbert
- elitism
- embourgeoisement
- emergence theories
- Emerson, Ralph Waldo
- emotive theory of truth
- emotivism
- Empedocles
- empiricism
- empiriocriticism
- employment
- employment contract
- encroaching control
- end of ideology
- endnote
- Enlightenment
- Engel, Ernst
- Engels, Friedrich
- Engel's law
- entitlement theorem
- envelope theorem
- Epictetus
- Epicureanism
- Epicurus of Samos
- epiphenomenalism
- equal freedom
- equal sacrifice theory
- equality
- equality of states doctrine
- equilibrium
- equilibrium theory
- equity
- Erasmus, Desiderius
- Erastianism
- error learning hypothesis
- escalation
- essential contestability
- essentialism
- et al
- et cetera
- Euclid
- eugenics
- Euler, Leonhard
- Euler's theory
- Eurabia
- Euratom Treaty (1957)
- Euro
- eurobonds
- Europe
- European Atomic Energy Community
- European Central Bank
- European Coal and Steel Community
- European Commission
- European Community
- European Convention (1999-2000)
- European Convention on Human Rights
- European Council
- European Court on Human Rights
- European Court of Justice
- European Currency Unit (ECU)
- European Economic Community (EEC)
- European Exchange Rate Mechanism (ERM)
- European Monetary System
- European Parliament
- European Union
- eurozone
- evolutionism
- ex ante
- ex post
- ex post facto
- exchange rate
- exclusion theory
- exempli gratia
- existentialism
- exit, voice, & loyalty
- expansion costs
- expansionism
- exploitation
- export subsidies
- exports
- extensionality thesis
- externalism
- externalities
- fabianism
- face value
- fact/value distinction
- factor demand
- factor-price equalization theorem
- factoring
- factors of production
- fallibilism
- falling rate of profit
- false consciousness
- falsificationism
- fascism
- fatalism
- federal deposit insurance company (fdic)
- Federal Reserve System
- federalism
- feminism
- feminist linguistics
- feminist methodology
- fetishism
- feudalism
- fiat money
- fideism
- 'Fido'-Fido theories
- finalism
- financial account
- financial asset
- financial risk
- financial statement
- fine tuning
- finitism
- fiscal policy
- Fisher, Irving
- five ways
- fixed asset
- fixed costs
- fixed exchange rates
- fixed-income securities
- fixed point theorems
- flextime
- float
- floating exchange rates
- foco theory
- folk psychology
- footnote
- forced saving
- forecasting
- foreign aid
- foreign direct investment (fdi)
- foreign policy
- formalism
- forward contract
- forward exchange market
- foundationalism
- four humors
- Fox, George
- franc
- Frank, Andre Gunder
- free banking theory
- free goods
- free on board (fob)
- free rider problem
- free trade
- free trade agreement
- free trade area
- free trade zone
- Frege, Gottlob
- Freire, Paulo
- frequency theory of probability
- Freud, Sigmund
- Friedman, Milton
- Fromm, Erich
- full employment
- functionalism
- fundamental disquilibrium
- fusion of powers
- future value
- futures
- führer
- Gadamer, Hans-Georg
- Galilei, Galileo
- Galton, Francis
- game theory
- Gassendi, Pierre
- Gasset, Jose Ortega Y
- gatekeeping theory
- Gauss, Carl Friedrich
- gaze
- gdp deflator
- gender theory
- general agreement on tariffs and trade (gatt)
- general equilibrium theory
- general strike
- general theory of employment, interest and money
- general will
- genocide
- geopolitics
- Geulincx, Arnold
- Gibrat's rule of proportionate growth
- Giffen paradox
- Giffen, Robert
- Godwin, William
- Goffman, Erving
- gold standard
- golden rule
- golden rule of capital accumulation
- Goodman, Nelson
- Goodman's paradox
- goods
- government spending
- Gramsci, Antonio
- grand theory
- gravity model
- gray-collar workers
- great depression
- great man theory
- greatest happiness principle
- Gresham's law
- gross domestic product (gdp)
- gross national product (gnp)
- Grotian theory
- Grotius, Hugo
- grounded theory
- group theory
- growth-pole theory
- Guevara, Che
- guild socialism
- habeas corpus
- Habermas, Jurgen
- haecceitism
- Hansen, Alvin
- Harrod-Domar growth model
- Harrod, Roy
- Hartley, David
- Hayek, Friedrich
- heartland theory
- Heckscher, Eli
- Heckscher-Ohlin trade theory
- hedging
- hedonism
- hedonistic utilitarianism
- Hegel, Friedrich
- hegemonic stability theory
- hegemony
- Heidegger, Martin
- Heisenberg, Werner
- Heller, Walter
- Hempel, Carl Gustav
- Hempel's paradox
- Heraclitus of Ephesus
- hermeneutics
- heterodox-economics
- Hicks-Hansen model
- Hicks, John
- hidden inflation
- hidden unemployment
- high politics
- Hippocrates
- Hirschman, Albert
- historical materialism
- historicism
- Hobbes, Thomas
- holism
- holistic explanation
- Holocaust
- homo economicus
- horizontal acquisition
- horizontal equity
- horizontal merger
- Hotelling, Harold
- Hotelling's law
- human capital
- human capital theory
- human imperfection
- human nature
- Hume, David
- Hume's law
- hurdle rate
- Husserl, Edmund
- Huxley, Thomas Henry
- hylomorphism
- hylozoism
- hype
- hyperinflation
- hypothetico-deductive method
- ibidem
- id est
- ideal utilitarianism
- idealism
- ideational theories of meaning
- idem
- identity of indiscernibles
- identity theory of mind
- identity theory of predication
- identity theory of truth
- ideology
- idle capacity
- il duce
- imagined communities
- imago dei
- immaterialism
- immiseration
- impacted pluralism
- imperfect competition
- imperialism
- imports
- impossibility theorem
- improbabilism
- in absentia
- in toto
- incentive pay
- income
- income distribution
- income redistribution
- income statement
- income tax
- incrementalism
- independent variable
- indeterminacy of reference and translation
- indeterminism
- indirect tax
- indiscernibility of identicals
- individualism
- individuation principle
- induction
- inductivism
- industrial democracy
- industrialization
- inevitability of gradualness
- infinite divisibility
- inflation
- inflation accounting
- information theory
- inheritance tax
- innate ideas
- input-output analysis
- inscriptionism
- insider-outsider wage determination
- institutional economics
- instrumentalism
- intangible asset
- inter alia
- interactionism
- interest rate
- interests
- internal and external balance
- internal colonialism
- internalism
- international morality
- international system
- internationalism
- interwar period
- intuitionism
- invisible hand
- ipso facto
- iron law of oligarchy
- iron law of wages
- irredentism
- IS-LM model
- isolationism
- iustitia omnibus
- j-curve
- James, William
- Jaspers, Karl
- Jefferson, Thomas
- joint liability
- joint venture
- Jourdain's paradox
- Jugo, Miguel de Unamuno Y
- Jung, Carl Gustav
- junk bond
- just price
- just war
- justice
- Kahn, Richard
- Kaldor, Nicholas
- Kalecki, Michal
- Kant, Immanuel
- Kepler, Johannes
- Keynes, John Maynard
- Keynesian economics
- Khmer Rouge
- Kierkegaard, Soren Aabye
- king's two bodies
- Kondratieff cycles
- Kripke, Saul
- Kropotkin, Prince Peter
- Kuhn, Thomas Samuel
- labor
- labor economics
- labor force
- labor force participation
- labor force participation rate
- labor-intensive
- labor market discrimination
- labor-productivity
- labor theory of value
- labor union
- Laffer, Arthur
- Laffer curve
- laissez-faire
- Laken Declaration
- language of thought
- Lavoisier, Antoine-Laurent
- law of contradiction
- law of diminishing returns
- law of excluded middle
- law of identity
- law of large numbers
- law of markets
- law of the small number
- law of variable proportions
- law or principle of bivalence
- law or principle of continuity
- lawyer paradox
- Le Chatelier principle
- learning-by-doing
- least cost location theory
- lebensraum
- Lefebvre, Henri
- legal positivism
- legitimacy
- legitimacy crisis
- Leibniz, Gottfried Wilhelm
- Leibniz's law
- Lemkin, Raphael
- Lenin, Vladimir Ilyich
- Leninism
- Leontief paradox
- Leontief, Wassily
- Lerner, Abba
- Leucippus
- leverage
- Lewes, George Henry
- liabilities
- liability
- liberal democracy
- liberal feminism
- liberalism
- libertarianism
- life-cycle hypothesis
- Lindahl equilibrium
- Lindahl, Erik
- linear programming
- linguistic phenomenology
- linguistic philosophy
- loanable funds theory of the rate of interest
- local sign theory
- Locke, John
- logic of collective action
- logical atomism
- logical empiricism
- logical fallacy
- logical positivism
- logical relation theory of probability
- logicism
- long wages
- Lotze, Rudolph Hermann
- Lucas, Robert
- Lucretius
- lump-of-labor theory of wages
- Luther, Martin
- Lyapunov's theorem
- Maastricht criteria
- Maastricht Treaty (1992)
- Mach, Ernst
- Machiavelli, Niccolo
- Machiavellianism
- machinery question
- magna carta
- magnum opus
- Maimonides, Moses
- majority
- Malebranche, Nicolas
- Malthus, Thomas
- Malthusian population theory
- managerial revolution
- managerial theories of the firm
- managerialism
- Manicheism
- Maoism
- Marcel, Gabriel
- Marcus Aurelius
- mare nostrum
- marginal cost pricing
- marginal efficiency of capital
- marginal productivity theory of capital
- marginal productivity theory of distribution
- marginal utility theory
- mark-up pricing
- market socialism
- Marshall, Alfred
- Marshall-Lerner principle
- Marx, Karl
- Marxism
- Marxist feminism
- mass society
- master race
- material balances principle
- materialism
- materialist theory of history
- Maxwell, James Clerk
- mea culpa
- Mead, George Herbert
- measure theory
- mechanism
- Meinong, Alexius von
- Meinong's jungle
- meliorism
- Melissus of Samos
- Mendel, Gregor Johann
- Mendeleev, Dimitri Ivanovich
- mercantilism
- mereology
- merger
- Merger Treaty (1965)
- meritocracy
- metalanguage
- methodological theories
- Michels, Robert
- Mill, John Stuart
- millenarianism
- minimum required rate of return
- Mises, Ludwig von
- Mises, Richard von
- modal realism
- model
- modernization
- Modigliani, Franco
- Modigliani-Miller theory of the cost of capital
- modus operandi
- modus vivendi
- monetarism
- monetary policy
- money supply
- monism
- monopolistic competition
- monopoly
- monopoly capitalism
- Montaigne, Michel de
- Montesquieu, Charles-Louis de Secondat
- mood theory
- Moore, George Edward
- moral hazard
- moral sense theories
- More, Henry
- More, Thomas
- mortgage
- motion
- multilateralism
- multiplier
- multiplier-accelerator
- Mundell, Robert
- Mussolini, Benito
- Muth, John
- mutual aid
- mutually assured destruction
- mysticism
- myth
- NAFTA
- naive realism
- naming theories of meaning
- Nash equilibrium
- national debt
- national income
- nationalism
- nationalization
- nativism
- natural and warranted rates of growth
- natural justice
- natural law
- natural monopoly of economics
- natural rate of unemployment (naru)
- natural rights
- naturalism
- naturalized epistemology
- necessitarianism
- negative income tax
- negative utilitarianism
- neo-classical growth theory
- neo-classical theory
- neo-conservatism
- neo-corporatism
- neo-functionalism
- neo-liberalism
- neo-Marxism
- neo-Platonism
- neo-Pythagoreanism
- neo-Ricardian theory
- neologism
- Netherlands Antilles Association Convention
- Neumann, John von
- neutral monism
- new age
- new class
- new classical macroeconomics
- new left
- new liberalism
- new riddle of induction
- new right
- Newman, John Henry
- Newton, Isaac
- Nicod, Jean
- Nicod's criterion
- Niebuhr, Reinhold
- Nietzsche, Friedrich
- nihilism
- no-ownership theory of the mind
- noblesse oblige
- nominalism
- non-accelerating inflation rate of unemployment (nairu)
- non-cognitivism
- non-competing groups
- non-nested hypothesis
- non-profit organization
- non sequitur
- noncurrent assets
- nondurable goods
- normal depreciation
- normative economics
- North America
- North, Douglass C.
- not in my back yard (nimby)
- novus ordo seclorum
- objective idealism
- objectivism
- occasionalism
- occupation segregation
- Oceania
- Ockham's Razor
- OCT status
- Ohlin, Bertil
- Okun, Arthur
- Okun's law
- oligarchy
- oligopoly
- oligopoly theory
- Olson, Mancur
- one over many principle
- ontology
- open society
- operating risk
- operationalism
- opportunity cost
- optimal tariff theory
- option pricing theory
- options
- organic theory of the state
- organicism
- Organisation of African Unity
- organization theory
- Origen
- origins of life
- Orphism
- orthodox-economics
- overheated economy
- overkill
- overload theory
- Owenism
- own rate of interest
- pacifism
- Paine, Thomas
- Palace of Westminster
- panpsychism
- pantheism
- para bellum
- paraconsistency
- paradigmatism
- paradox of thrift
- paradox of value
- paradox of voting
- Pareto efficiency
- Pareto optimality
- Pareto, Vilfredo
- parliamentary system
- Parmenides of Elea
- Parsons, Talcott
- partial equilibrium theory
- particularism
- Pascal, Blaise
- Pascal's wager
- paternalism
- patriarchy
- Pax Americana
- Pax Britannica
- Pax Europaea
- Pax Hispanica
- Pax Mongolica
- Pax Ottomana
- Pax Romana
- PCism
- peaceful co-existence
- peak-load pricing
- Peirce, Charles Sanders
- per capita
- perfect competition
- performative theory of negation
- performative theory of truth
- permanent income hypothesis
- permanent revolution
- Perroux, François
- Perry, Ralph Barton
- per annum
- per diem
- per se
- persona non grata
- personal is political
- personalism
- perspective realism
- perspectivism
- Petty, William
- phenomenalism
- phenomenology
- Phillips curve
- physicalism
- Physiocracy
- picture theory of meaning
- piecemeal social engineering
- Pigou, Arthur Cecil
- Pigou effect
- Planck, Max
- Plato
- Platonism
- Plato's theory of forms
- Plotinus
- pluralism
- plurality
- plurality of causes
- plutocracy
- Poincare, Jules Henri
- police state
- policy
- polis
- political business cycle
- political correctness
- political culture
- political obligation
- polyarchy
- Popper, Karl
- populism
- portfolio selection theory
- positive law
- positivism
- possibilism
- post-materialism
- post-modernism
- post mortem
- post scriptum
- posthumous
- Poulantzas, Nicos
- power
- power corrupts
- pragmatic theory of truth
- pragmatism
- Prebisch, Raul
- Prebisch-Singer thesis
- precedent
- preference utilitarianism
- preferred stock
- prescriptivism
- present value
- presidential system
- presiding court official
- price discrimination
- price fixing
- prima facie
- primary liability
- primus inter pares
- principle of atomic uniformity
- principle of charity
- principle of epistemic closure
- principle of humanity
- principle of indifference
- principle of limited independent variety
- principle of organic unities
- principle of parsimony
- principle of perfection
- principle of plenitude
- principle of sufficient reason
- principle of the impossibility of a gambling system
- principle of the uniformity of nature
- print capitalism
- prisoner's dilemma
- private language argument
- privatization
- pro bono
- pro rata
- probabilism
- process philosophy
- producer price index (ppi)
- product life-cycle theory
- profit
- progress
- proletarianism
- proletariat
- propaganda by the deed
- propensity theory of probability
- property
- property is theft
- Protagoras
- Proudhon, Pierre-Joseph
- psychologism
- psychophysical parallelism
- Ptolemy
- public choice
- public interest
- public private divide
- public utility pricing
- purchasing power
- purchasing power parity
- put option
- Putnam, Hilary
- Pyrrhonism
- Pythagoras of Samos
- Pythagoreanism
- qualified majority
- qualitative research
- quantitative research
- quantity theory of money
- Quesnay, François
- queuing theory
- quid pro quo
- Quincey, Thomas De
- Quine, Willard Van Orman
- quorum
- quota
- Quran
- racism
- radical empiricism
- radical feminism
- radical interpretation
- radicalism
- Rahner, Karl
- raison d'etat
- ramified theory of types
- Ramsey, Frank
- Ramsey pricing
- Rand, Ayn
- random walk hypothesis
- range theories of probability
- rate of return pricing
- rational choice
- rational expectations theory
- rationalism
- rationing
- Rawls, John
- Rawls theory of justice
- Reagan, Ronald
- Reaganomics
- real asset
- real bills doctrine
- real gross domestic product
- real self
- realism
- recession
- recusal
- reductionism
- reductio ad absurdum
- redundancy theory of truth
- refugee
- regression
- regularity theory of causation
- regulation
- regulatory capture
- Reid, Thomas
- relative autonomy
- relative deprivation
- relative income hypothesis
- relativism
- relevance logics
- reliabilism
- rent seeking
- representation
- representationalism
- republicanism
- resemblance theories of universals
- reserve powers
- retributivism
- returns to scale
- revealed preference theory
- revisionism
- revolution
- Ricardian equivalence theorem
- Ricardo, David
- right of legislative initiative
- rights
- Robinson, Joan
- roundabout method of production
- Rousseau, Jean-Jacques
- rule of law
- rule utilitarianism
- Russell, Bertrand
- Rwandan Genocide
- Rybczynski theorem
- Ryle, Gilbert
- Saint Anselm of Canterbury
- Saint Augustine
- Saint Bernard of Clairvaux
- Saint Bonaventure
- Saint John of the Cross
- Saint Teresa of Avila
- salary
- Samuelson, Paul
- Santayana, George
- sapere aude
- Sapir, Edward
- Sartre, Jean-Paul
- satisficing
- satyagraha
- saving
- Say, Jean-Baptiste
- Say's law
- Schengen Agreement
- Schengen Area
- Schleiermacher, Friedrich
- Schlick, Moritz
- Schopenhauer, Arthur
- Schrodinger, Erwin
- Schumpeter, Joseph
- Scitovsky paradox
- screening hypothesis
- search theory
- secondary liability
- secular stagnation theory
- security
- segmented labor market theory
- seignorage
- Sellars, Roy Wood
- semantic atomism
- semantics
- semper fidelis
- sensationalism
- sense and reference
- separation of powers
- separatism
- services
- settler colonialism
- sexism
- Sextus Empiricus
- shadow pricing
- shutdown costs
- signalling
- signatory
- signee
- Simele Massacre
- Simon, Herbert
- simple theory of types
- sine qua non
- Singer, Hans
- Single European Act (1986)
- single market
- situationism
- skepticism
- Slutsky, Eugen
- Slutsky's theorem
- small is beautiful principle
- Smith, Adam
- social choice
- social contract
- social credit
- social Darwinism
- social democracy
- social welfare function
- socialism
- socialism in one country
- sociobiology
- Socrates
- solipsism
- Solow economic growth
- Solow, Robert
- Sorel, Georges
- South America
- sovereignty
- sovereignty-association
- specie-flow mechanism
- species essentialism
- speciesism
- specious present
- speech act theory
- Spencer, Herbert
- Spinoza, Baruch
- spontaneous order
- spot market
- spot price
- Sraffa, Piero
- St. Petersburg paradox
- stages of genocide
- Stalin, Joseph
- Stalinism
- stare decisis
- state
- state capitalism
- state of nature
- statement of cash flows
- static equilibrium
- stationary state
- status quo
- status quo ante
- status quo ante bellum
- Steiner, Rudolf
- stimulus-response model
- stock
- stock-flow analysis
- stock market
- stock option
- Stoicism
- Strawson, Peter Frederick
- strike
- structural functionalism
- structure-conduct-performance theory
- sub poena
- subjective idealism
- subjectivism
- subjectivist theories of probability
- subsidiarity
- substitution theory
- subvention
- sui generis
- sunspot theory
- supermajority
- supply
- supply-side economics
- surplus value
- survival of the fittest
- swaps
- syndicalism
- systems theory
- tabula rasa
- tacit knowledge
- tangible asset
- target return pricing
- tariff
- tax incidence
- taxation
- technological gap theory
- teleology
- term structure of interest rates
- terra incognita
- terra nullius
- Thatcherism
- theism
- theories of meaning
- theories of profits
- theory
- theory of clubs
- theory of consumer demand
- theory of descriptions
- theory of effluxes
- theory of income determination
- theory of income distribution
- theory of production
- theory of relevant alternatives
- theory of second best
- theory of speciation
- theory of species
- theory of the core
- theory of the firm
- theory of the growth of the firm
- theory of tropisms
- theory of truth
- third man argument
- Thoreau, Henry David
- three laws of thought
- three worlds theory
- Thunen, Johann von
- Tiebout, Charles
- Tiebout hypothesis
- tight money policy
- Tillich, Paul
- time deposit
- time preference theory of interest
- tit for tat
- Tobin, James
- Torrens, Robert
- toryism
- total war
- totalitarianism
- Toynbee, Arnold
- trace theory of memory
- trade balance
- trade barriers
- trade cycle
- trade deficit
- trade surplus
- tradition
- tragedy of the commons
- trahison des clercs
- transcendental idealism
- Treaty of Lisbon (2007)
- Treaty of London (1949)
- Treaty of Nice (2001)
- Treaty of Paris (1951)
- Treaty of Rome (1957)
- trialism
- trickle-down theory
- triple-e senate
- Tristram Shandy paradox
- Trotsky, Leon
- Trotskyism
- trust
- truth-conditional semantics
- turnpike theory
- tyranny of the majority
- unanimity
- uncertainty
- underconsumption theory
- unemployment
- unfair competition
- unilateralism
- universalism
- universalizability
- use theories of meaning
- uti possidetis
- utilitarianism
- utility
- utility function
- utility maximization
- utopianism
- value-added
- value-added tax
- vanguard party
- variable
- variable costs
- vault cash
- Veblen effect
- Veblen, Thorstein
- veil of ignorance
- veni, vidi, vici
- vent for surplus
- verbatim
- Verdoorn's law
- verifiability principle
- versus
- vertical acquisition
- vertical equity
- vertical merger
- vertical price fixing
- veto
- vicious circle principle
- Vico, Giambattista
- Vienna Circle
- Viner, Jacob
- virtual representation
- vitalism
- volonte generale
- Voltaire
- voluntarism
- vote of confidence
- vox populi
- wage
- wage differentials
- wage-price spiral
- wages fund doctrine
- Wagner's law
- Wall Street
- Wallerstein, Immanuel
- Walras, Leon
- Walras's stability
- wasting asset
- wear and tear
- Weber, Max
- Weber's theory of the location of the firm
- Weil, Simone
- welfare state
- welfarism
- Westminster system
- white-collar workers
- white man's burden
- Whitehead, Alfred North
- Wicksell, Knut
- Wicksell's theory of capital
- Wicksteed, Philip
- wildcat strike
- William, Nassau
- William of Ockham
- withering away of the state
- windfall profit
- Wittgenstein, Ludwig
- Wollstonecraft, Mary
- workers' control
- working capital
- world society
- writ
- x-efficiency
- x-inefficiency
- Xanthippe
- Xenocrates of Chalcedon
- Xenophanes of Colophon
- xenophobia
- Xenophon of Athens
- xyy syndrome
- yellow book
- yellow-dog contract
- yield
- yield gap
- yield spread
- yield to maturity
- yen
- yin and yang
- yoga
- youth court
- yuan
- z-score
- zapatismo
- Zedong, Mao
- Zeno of Citium
- Zeno of Elea
- zero-sum
- zero tolerance policy
- zionism
- zone pricing
- zoning
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