Discipline: Economics
In the short term, the demand for labor is fixed and employment can be created only by job-sharing and reducing existing working hours of workers.
Lump of labor theory of wages ignores the role of macroeconomic policy in stimulating the economy.
Source:
M Allais and O Hagen, eds, Expected Utility Hypotheses and the Allais Paradox (Dordrecht, 1974)